How to Identify and Stop Lesser Celandine Spread

By Blake Jackson

Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna), also known as fig buttercup, is an invasive perennial plant rapidly spreading across parts of the Midwest, raising concerns among natural resource experts. Recognizable by its glossy, dark green, heart-shaped leaves and bright yellow flowers, this plant is becoming a growing threat to native ecosystems.

As a spring ephemeral, lesser celandine emerges early in the season, typically between March and April, before dying back once tree canopies fill in.

“There is only a short window of time when lesser celandine has emerged and is identifiable, so it’s critical to be on the lookout for this plant now,” advises Michelle Beloskur, Director of the Midwest Invasive Plant Network.

The plant thrives in moist, low-lying environments such as forest floors, riverbanks, and floodplains, but it can also spread into lawns and upland areas.

Its early growth gives it a competitive advantage, allowing it to form dense mats that crowd out native spring wildflowers like mayapple, spring beauty, Dutchman’s breeches, and trout lily. Over time, this reduces biodiversity and degrades natural habitats.

Lesser celandine is already well established in parts of lower Michigan and southeastern Wisconsin, with expanding populations in northern Wisconsin and southern Minnesota.

In Wisconsin, three primary infestation areas have been identified, mainly in urban regions in the southern part of the state. Ongoing management efforts, in collaboration with landowners and partners, aim to control existing populations and prevent further spread.

Public awareness and reporting are key to controlling this invasive species. Residents are encouraged to identify and report sightings through tools like the EDDMapS app or regional reporting systems.

Preventive measures include cleaning footwear, pets, and equipment after visiting natural areas, staying on designated trails, and avoiding the planting or movement of invasive species to protect local ecosystems.

Photo Credit: pexels-theodore