By Jamie Martin
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have discovered nine unique mutations in an H5N1 bird flu strain isolated from a human in Texas. These mutations allow the virus to replicate more efficiently and cause severe disease, including brain infection in mice. However, FDA-approved antivirals remain effective against this strain.
The findings highlight concerns about the rapid mutation of H5N1 when introduced to new hosts. This strain, primarily infecting wild birds and chickens, has recently spread to mammals, including dairy cattle.
As of 2025, human cases are mostly mild, but researchers caution about the potential for the virus to evolve for human-to-human transmission.
Dr. Luis Martinez-Sobrido from Texas Biomed emphasized, “The clock is ticking for the virus to evolve to more easily infect and potentially transmit from human to human, which would be a concern.”
Key Study Findings:
- Mutations in the human H5N1 strain increase pathogenicity and replication.
- The virus spreads more effectively in brain tissue compared to the bovine strain.
- Antiviral medications remain effective despite mutations.
- Texas Biomed continues to analyze these mutations to determine their specific roles and potential risks.
Researchers also call for a "One Health" approach, urging actions like decontamination of dairy equipment and strict quarantines to prevent cross-species infections.
Eradicating bird flu from dairy cows is a priority to minimize mutation risks and protect public health. For more information, visit Texas Biomed.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-branex
Categories: National