Wisconsin Joins USDA Milk Testing for H5N1 Detection

By Blake Jackson

On May 19, 2025, the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) announced its participation in the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS). As part of this effort, Wisconsin has started collecting milk samples at the farm level, with a goal to test milk from each farm about once per month.

Testing updates are published weekly on DATCP’s Dairy HPAI website. The latest results, covering June 1-7, reported no detections of H5N1 in any of the samples tested. DATCP is working with industry partners to streamline testing by using samples already collected for routine milk quality checks.

As summer events like agricultural fairs, livestock shows, and dairy breakfasts take place, DATCP urges producers to strengthen biosecurity protocols. Key recommendations include:

• Increasing on-farm biosecurity and watching closely for signs of illness in livestock and poultry.
• Reviewing animal health resources tailored for cattle, poultry, and swine.
• Utilizing DATCP’s webpage for event organizers, which offers best practices and guidance.

Sick or unusually behaving herds and flocks should be reported to DATCP immediately. Wildlife concerns should be directed to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) via phone at (608) 267-0866 or by email at DNRWildlifeSwitchboard@wisconsin.gov.

Movement Requirements for Dairy Cattle

In accordance with the federal order issued on April 24, 2024, lactating dairy cattle must test negative for Influenza A before being moved across state lines.

Similarly, Wisconsin requires a negative test before these animals can be taken to fairs or exhibitions. DATCP provides detailed guidance and FAQs for these requirements.

What to Do if H5N1 Is Detected

DATCP has developed a protocol guide for farms in the event H5N1 is confirmed. The document outlines general response steps, though actions may vary depending on individual farm circumstances.

Human Health Considerations

Though rare, human cases of H5N1 have been reported following contact with infected animals. The Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) advises workers to use personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow CDC recommendations. PPE can be requested through DHS’s medical stockpile. Current CDC data indicates a low public health risk.

Photo Credit: wisconsin-doa